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Přemyslid dynasty
The Přemyslids ((チェコ語:Přemyslovci), (ドイツ語:Premysliden), (ポーランド語:Przemyślidzi)), were a Bohemian (Czech) royal dynasty which reigned in Bohemia and Moravia (9th century–1306), and partly also in Hungary, Silesia, Austria and Poland. Subsequently, the ruling House of Luxembourg (1310–1437) claimed title to the crown of Bohemia through relation to Přemyslids. The House of Habsburg (1526–1918) claimed title to the crown from its relation to all previously ruling houses, including the House of Přemysl.
==The origins and growth of Přemyslid Dynasty==
The dynasty's beginnings date back to the 9th century〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Přemyslid Dynasty )〕 when Přemyslids ruled a tiny territory around Prague, populated by the Czech tribe of the Western Slavs. Gradually they expanded and conquered the region of Bohemia, conveniently located in the Bohemian basin where it was not threatened by the expansion of the Frankish Empire. The first historically-documented Premyslid Duke was Bořivoj I (867).〔 In the following century, Přemyslids also ruled over Silesia and founded the city of Wroclaw (German: Breslau), derived from the name of a Bohemian duke Vratislaus I, father of Saint Wenceslaus. Under the reign of Prince Boleslaus I the Cruel (935) and his son Boleslaus II the Pious (972), the Přemyslids ruled territory stretching to today's Belarus.〔 They controlled important trade routes. In this time the Czech lands and Prague were an important seat for trading where merchants from all of Europe settled, including many Jews, as recalled in 965 by the Hispano-Jewish merchant and traveller Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub. He Wrote "Prague is a city from the stone, the richest of all states north of the Alps." After their prominent rise, however, internal struggles within the family set in motion a decline in power, and, in 1002, the Polish king Boleslaus the Brave occupied Prague.〔 Boleslaus III, son of Boleslaus II, escaped from Bohemia and this was the start of decades of confusion and anarchy.
The decline ended during the reign of Prince Bretislaus I, grandson of Boleslaus II. He in turn looted the Poland, including the cities of Krakow and Gniezno (1038), where he obtained the relics of St. Adalbert. He sought establishment of the Prague archbishopric and a royal title. His son and successor Vratislaus II became the first King of Bohemia in 1085.
Vratislav's son Sobeslaus I destroyed the Imperial army of King Lothar III in the Battle of Chlumec in 1126. This allowed a further strengthening of Bohemia culminating during the reign of Vratislav's grandson, King Vladislaus II (1158). Vladislav II founded many monasteries and built the first stone bridge across the Vltava river. It was one of the oldest stone bridges in Central and Northern Europe. But then internal struggles again started the decline of the Přemyslids. Many different leaders from the dynasty alternated on the Bohemian throne, leading to their eventual bankruptcy. Upon his rise to the throne, Ottokar I began a series of changes that brought Bohemia out of crisis, and began a period of success〔 that lasted for nearly 220 years.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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